Grit

Santos, I., Petroska-Beska, V., Carneiro, P., Eskreis-Winkler, L., Boudet, A. M. M., Berniell, I., Krekel, C., Arias, O., & Duckworth, A. L. (2022). Can grit be taught? Lessons from a nationwide field experiment with middle-school students. IZA Discussion Paper No. 15588, https://ssrn.com/abstract=4233803.
Zhang, T., Park, D., Ungar, L. H., Tsukayama, E., Luo, L., & Duckworth, A. L. (2022). The development of grit and growth mindset in Chinese children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 221, 105450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105450.
Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., & Tsukayama. E. (2021). Revisiting the factor structure of grit: A commentary on Duckworth and Quinn (2009). Journal of Personality Assessment. 103(5), 573-575. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1942022.
Leonard, J. A., Duckworth, A. L., Schulz, L. E., & Mackey, A. P. (2021). Leveraging cognitive science to foster children’s persistence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(8), 642-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.05.005.
Park, D., Tsukayama, E., Yu, A., & Duckworth, A. L. (2020). The development of grit and growth mindset in adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 198, 104889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104889.
Zamarro, G., Nichols, M., Duckworth, A. L., & D’Mello, S. K. (2020). Validation of survey effort measures of grit and self-control in a sample of high school students. PLOS One, 15(7), e0235396. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235396.
Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(47), 23499-23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116.
Galla, B. M., Shulman, E. P., Plummer, B. D., Gardner, M., Hutt, S. J., Goyer, J. P., Lejuez, C. W., Mello, S. K., & Duckworth, A. L. (2019). Why high school grades are better predictors of on-time college graduation than are admissions test scores: The roles of self-regulation and cognitive ability. American Educational Research Journal, 56(6), 2077-2115. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831219843292.
Peña, P. A., Pérez-Díaz, I., Pulido-Ayala, A. K., Osorio-Landa, H. K., López-Navarro, J. M., Duckworth, A. L., & Jena, A. B. (2019). Association of grit scores with treatment adherence and biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA Network Open, 2(9), e1911476. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11476.
Southwick, D. A., Tsay, C. J., & Duckworth, A. L. (2019). Grit at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 39, 100126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2020.100126.
Lee, T.H., & Duckworth, A. L. (2018). Organizational grit. Harvard Business Review, 96(5), 98-105.
Meindl, P., Yu, A., Galla, B. M., Quirk, A., Haeck, C., Goyer, J. P., Lejuez, C. W., Mello, S. K., & Duckworth, A. L. (2018). A brief behavioral measure of frustration tolerance predicts academic achievement immediately and two years later. Emotion, 19(6), 1081-1092. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000492.
Park, D., Yu, A., Baelen, R. N., Tsukayama, E., & Duckworth, A. L. (2018). Fostering grit: Perceived school goal-structure predicts growth in grit and grades. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 55, 120-128. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.09.007.
Peña, P., & Duckworth, A. L. (2018). The effects of relative and absolute age in the measurement of grit from 9th to 12th grade. Economics of Education Review, 66, 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.08.009.
Eskreis-Winkler, L., Gross, J. J., & Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Grit: Sustained self-regulation in the service of superordinate goals. In K. D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory and applications (3rd ed.). Guilford.
Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., Young, V., Tsukayama, E., Brunwasser, S. M., & Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Using wise interventions to motivate deliberate practice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(5), 728-744. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000074.
White, R. E., Prager, E. O., Schaefer, C., Kross, E., Duckworth, A. L., & Carlson, S. M. (2016). The “Batman Effect”: Improving perseverance in young children. Child Development, 88(5), 1563-1571. https:/doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12695.
Duckworth, A. L., & Eskreis-Winkler, L. (2015). Grit. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 397-401). Elsevier.
Duckworth, A. L., Eichstaedt, J., & Ungar, L. (2015). The mechanics of human achievement. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(7), 359-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12178.
Kaufman, S. B., & Duckworth, A. L. (2015). World-class expertise: A developmental model. WIREs: Cognitive Science. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1365.
Duckworth, A. L., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Self-control and grit: Related but separable determinants of success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414541462.
Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). Survivor mission: Do those who survive have a drive to thrive at work?. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.888579.
Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., Beal, S. A., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). The grit effect: Predicting retention in the military, the workplace, school and marriage. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(36), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00036.
Galla, B. M., Plummer, B. D., White, R., Meketon, D., D'Mello, S. K., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). The Academic Diligence Task (ADT): Assessing individual differences in effort on tedious but important schoolwork. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 39(4), 314-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2014.08.001.
Robertson-Kraft, C., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). True grit: Trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals predicts effectiveness and retention among novice teachers. Teachers College Record, 116(3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811411600306.
Von Culin, K., Tsukayama, E., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). Unpacking grit: Motivational correlates of perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(4), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.898320.
Yeager, D. S., Henderson, M. D., Paunesku, D., Walton, G. M., D’Mello, S., Spitzer, B. J., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). Boring but important: A self-transcendent purpose for learning fosters academic self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(4), 559-580. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037637.
Duckworth, A. L. & Eskreis-Winkler, L. (2013). True grit. The Observer, 26(4), 1-3.
Duckworth, A. L., Kirby, T. A., Tsukayama, E., Berstein, H., & Ericsson, K. A. (2011). Deliberate practice spells success: Why grittier competitors triumph at the National Spelling Bee. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(2), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550610385872.
Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290.
Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2009). Positive predictors of teacher effectiveness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 540-547. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157232.
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087-1101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087.

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Zhang, T., Park, D., Ungar, L. H., Tsukayama, E., Luo, L., & Duckworth, A. L. (2022). The development of grit and growth mindset in Chinese children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 221, 105450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105450.

Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., & Tsukayama. E. (2021). Revisiting the factor structure of grit: A commentary on Duckworth and Quinn (2009). Journal of Personality Assessment. 103(5), 573-575. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1942022.

Leonard, J. A., Duckworth, A. L., Schulz, L. E., & Mackey, A. P. (2021). Leveraging cognitive science to foster children’s persistence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(8), 642-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.05.005.

Park, D., Tsukayama, E., Yu, A., & Duckworth, A. L. (2020). The development of grit and growth mindset in adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 198, 104889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104889.

Zamarro, G., Nichols, M., Duckworth, A. L., & D’Mello, S. K. (2020). Validation of survey effort measures of grit and self-control in a sample of high school students. PLOS One, 15(7), e0235396. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235396.

Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(47), 23499-23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116.

Southwick, D. A., Tsay, C. J., & Duckworth, A. L. (2019). Grit at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 39, 100126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2020.100126.

Lee, T.H., & Duckworth, A. L. (2018). Organizational grit. Harvard Business Review, 96(5), 98-105.

Park, D., Yu, A., Baelen, R. N., Tsukayama, E., & Duckworth, A. L. (2018). Fostering grit: Perceived school goal-structure predicts growth in grit and grades. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 55, 120-128. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.09.007.

Peña, P., & Duckworth, A. L. (2018). The effects of relative and absolute age in the measurement of grit from 9th to 12th grade. Economics of Education Review, 66, 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.08.009.

Eskreis-Winkler, L., Gross, J. J., & Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Grit: Sustained self-regulation in the service of superordinate goals. In K. D. Vohs & R. F. Baumeister (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory and applications (3rd ed.). Guilford.

Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., Young, V., Tsukayama, E., Brunwasser, S. M., & Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Using wise interventions to motivate deliberate practice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(5), 728-744. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000074.

White, R. E., Prager, E. O., Schaefer, C., Kross, E., Duckworth, A. L., & Carlson, S. M. (2016). The “Batman Effect”: Improving perseverance in young children. Child Development, 88(5), 1563-1571. https:/doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12695.

Duckworth, A. L., & Eskreis-Winkler, L. (2015). Grit. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (2nd ed., pp. 397-401). Elsevier.

Duckworth, A. L., Eichstaedt, J., & Ungar, L. (2015). The mechanics of human achievement. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(7), 359-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12178.

Kaufman, S. B., & Duckworth, A. L. (2015). World-class expertise: A developmental model. WIREs: Cognitive Science. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1365.

Duckworth, A. L., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Self-control and grit: Related but separable determinants of success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414541462.

Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). Survivor mission: Do those who survive have a drive to thrive at work?. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.888579.

Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., Beal, S. A., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). The grit effect: Predicting retention in the military, the workplace, school and marriage. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(36), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00036.

Robertson-Kraft, C., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). True grit: Trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals predicts effectiveness and retention among novice teachers. Teachers College Record, 116(3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811411600306.

Von Culin, K., Tsukayama, E., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). Unpacking grit: Motivational correlates of perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(4), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.898320.

Duckworth, A. L. & Eskreis-Winkler, L. (2013). True grit. The Observer, 26(4), 1-3.

Duckworth, A. L., Kirby, T. A., Tsukayama, E., Berstein, H., & Ericsson, K. A. (2011). Deliberate practice spells success: Why grittier competitors triumph at the National Spelling Bee. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(2), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550610385872.

Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S). Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(2), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290.

Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2009). Positive predictors of teacher effectiveness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 540-547. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157232.

Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087-1101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087.